美国MTS公司应用软件在测试上的应用

介绍了用美国ＭＴＳ公司的平面应变断裂韬度测试软件，对ＴＣ４合金进行ＫＩＣ测试的过程及结果。     

基于叶端定时的转子叶片动应变重构不确定性量化

基于叶片非接触式动应变重构理论,开展动应变重构不确定性量化方法研究。基于方差合成定理建立重构叶片动应变不确定性量化分析模型;以模拟转子叶片为研究对象,开展旋转叶片叶端定时试验,利用周向傅里叶算法获取不同叶端定时传感器布局下的测点振幅,通过最大熵方法拟合振幅分布概率密度函数,确定叶端定时测振的不确定性参数;结合Kriging代理模型和试验共振频率数据对叶片有限元模型进行修正,获取关键测点位移-应变转换因子,并获取考虑共振转速以及测点位置不确定性的转换因子不确定性参数;获取重构动应变的均值、标准不确定度和包含区间,与应变片测量数据作对比。结果表明,除5号叶片A测点外,测量动应变均位于重构动应变的95%置信度下的包含区间内,且所有叶片的应变片测点动应变重构误差不超过15%。     

平板压电除冰系统中压电元件排布规律研究

针对压电振动除冰方法在工程上的可用性,以平面铝板为研究对象,采用有限元模型和结构动力学分析的方法,对平板压电除冰系统中压电元件的排布规律进行了研究。以平板长度方向上的截面为研究对象,用有限元分析方法研究了二维压电耦合模型的模态振型,选取了长度方向上三阶模态振型为最佳除冰模态振型,并以此振型为后续三维模型的基础振型。针对压电元件数量、压电元件相对贴片数量和压电元件贴片集中度这三个不同的排布参数,利用三维压电耦合有限元模型,以冰层与平板交界面处的弹性应变作为激励效果的直接体现参数,仿真分析了压电元件在平板宽度方向上的排布规律。仿真结果表明：压电元件在宽度方向上排布在中间位置和边缘位置,对结构均具有较好的激励效果,压电元件的布局要避开宽度方向上弹性应变较小的位置,因此对于分布在平板宽度方向边缘的压电元件,仍然可以在目标结冰区激励出较强的振动效果;在相同的接触面积下,减小压电元件的相对贴片数量,提高压电元件的贴片集中度,均可以提高压电元件对平板的激励效果,因此在实际应用中,在尺寸和粘接结构情况允许的情况下,尽可能选择尺寸较大的压电元件;并且当曲面上压电元件的贴片范围被限制的情况下,适当提升某一方向上压电元件贴片集中度,可以提高对平板结构的激励效果。灵活结合压电元件排布规律,可以设计出可行的压电元件排布方式,为压电除冰系统的工程研究提供借鉴和参考。     

基于应变路径非比例度的多轴疲劳寿命预测

在分析多轴疲劳几种常用非比例度定义的基础上,提出了一种非比例度定义方法,进而以American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME) 规范案例中非比例加载多轴疲劳设计准则采用的应变参量作为基本损伤参量,发展了一种新的多轴疲劳寿命预测模型.结果表明:①所提出的非比例度定义可以描述任意已知轮廓的、非周期的、变幅的非比例加载路径;②与两种常用的多轴非比例加载疲劳寿命模型的预测结果对比可知,新的寿命预测模型对14种比例和非比例加载路径下304不锈钢材料的寿命预测与试验吻合更好,预测结果基本位于2倍分散带以内.      

Effect of interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinfroced ceramic-matrix composites

An analytical methodology was developed to investigate the effect of fiber/matrix interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinforced CMCs(ceramic-matrix composites). The Budiansky-Hutchinson-Evans shear-lag model was adopted to analyse the micro-stress field of the damaged composites. The critical matrix strain energy criterion, which presupposes the existence of an ultimate or critical matrix strain energy with matrix, was obtained to simulate the matrix multicracking evolution of CMCs. With the increase of the applied stress, the matrix multicracking and fiber/matrix interface debonding occurred to dissipate the additional energy entered into the composites. The fiber/matrix interface debonded length under matrix multicracking evolution was obtained by treating the interface debonding as a particular crack propagation problem. The conditions for no-debonding and debonding during the evolution of matrix multicracking were discussed in terms of two interfacial properties, i.e., the interface shear stress and interface debonded toughness. When the fiber/matrix interface was bonded, the matrix multicracking evolution was much more intense compared with the interface debonding; when the fiber/matrix interface was debonded, the matrix crack density increased with the increasing of interface shear stress and interface debonded energy. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data of unidirectional SiC/CAS(calcium alumina silicate), SiC/CAS-Ⅱ and SiC/borosilicate composites.      

光纤环内部应力试验研究

光纤环是光纤陀螺的核心敏感部件,其内部应力值的大小和分布对光纤陀螺的整体性能有很大影响.光纤环的内部应力主要包含拉伸应力、弯曲应力和固化应力等,光纤环的绕制工艺和固化工艺等都会对光纤环的应力产生影响.通过测量不同绕制工艺下光纤环的应力分布和偏振串扰分布,得出光纤环绕制张力越小、光纤环直径越大、固化胶的收缩率越小,光纤环的应力也越小,相应的偏振串扰值也越小,为光纤环绕制技术的提高提供依据.     

准各向同性基层上椭圆形子层的屈曲

通过改进文献[1]中假设的挠度函数,使Rayleigh-Ritz法能用于计算准各向同性基层上任意对称椭圆形子层的临界应变,然后以单向层板为主,探讨了临界应变随基层泊桑比ν,椭圆半轴之比λ,子层角θ和单层铺设角α的变化规律。     

液冷头盔致冷效能的医学研究

在45℃高温条件下,应用液冷头盔给10名被试者的头颈部致冷,散热效能较高,可带走安静时30.9％～48.3％的代谢产热。降低身体的热蓄积,减少出汗,减慢心率、直肠温度和皮肤温度的上升速率。对头颈部致冷可降低身体的热紧张度50％～70％,明显改善对温热的舒适感觉。同时表明,致冷液温、流量及液流走向,对致冷效能均有显著影响。为液冷头盔及致冷装置的设计,提供了医学实验依据。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

Numerical Simulation of Impact Loading on Solid Propellant Within an Orthotropic Shell

The strain–stress state of the solid propellant rocket engines (SPREs) is simulated under impact. The effect of orientation of elastic and strength properties of orthotropic organoplastic shell material on the strain–stress state of the solid propellant is investigated. Normal and oblique impact of single steel cylinder projectiles, both simultaneous and at different times of multiple, converging steel spheric particles with SPRE are investigated in this study. The investigation is conducted numerically. The numerical modeling was carried out in a three-dimensional formulation by the method of finite elements for the continuous approach of the mechanics of a deformable solid. The destruction of the anisotropic material is described by the tensor-polynomial criterion of the fourth degree, which takes into account the influence of hydrostatic pressure.